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          英語詞匯試題

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          英語詞匯試題

          九年義務教育全日制初級中學英語教科書(JEFC)共收詞達1060多個,詞組近400條。詞匯是構成人類語言大廈的建筑材料,是語言三要素中最重要的、最基本的要素,自然成為中考英語考查的一個重點。筆者隨意抽取了96、97兩年全國各省市中考英語試題共計35份試卷,作了統計分析,純詞匯考查的題目平均占17.2分,其考查的方式主要有如下幾種:單詞拼寫、詞形轉換、詞語釋義、詞組英漢互譯、單詞填空等,本文將分別作以介紹。

          一、單詞拼寫

          這種題型重在考查常用詞匯的拼寫情況,多數省市采用在句子基礎上考查在一定上、下文中單詞拼寫的能力,要求寫出該單詞時必須考慮它所處的句子環境,采用其正確形式。

          1.Ihearyou''''reliving________(高興)inthenewbuilding.

          (’97黑龍江)

          該題所空之處系修飾動詞living,應用副詞形式happily。

          2.Septemberisthen_______monthoftheyear.

          (’97山西)

          此題應填序數詞ninth,注意n后不帶e。

          3.Jackish_______now,becausehedidn''''thavebreakfastthismorning.

          (’97山西)

          此題須根據后句“因為他今天早上未吃早飯”,才可推斷出Jack現在是餓了,因此應填hungry(而不填happy,healthy,helpful,heavy等其它以h開頭的形容詞)。

          4.Keep_______(傳)theballtoeachother,andyou''''llbeOK.

          (’97黑龍江)

          該題應填passing,keep后應接動詞的ing形式作賓語。

          5.Thisskirtisc_______andtheotherisexpensive.

          (’97山東)

          該題填cheap。后面的expensive正好與該詞相對。

          6.—Howmanym________arethereinanhour?—Therearesixty.

          (’96陜西)

          填minutes。注意要用復數形式minutes,不能用單數形式。

          7.Maryh_______oftreesareplantedeveryyearinourcity.

          (’96黑龍江)

          填hundreds。注意用復數形式,表示“大量、許多”。

          8.He_______(清潔)ourclassroomeverymorning.

          (’96廣東)

          填cleans。主語是第三人稱單數,一般現在時,動詞用-s形式。

          9.Theoldhouseiswell_______(保存).

          (’97四川)

          填kept。被動語態,該句意為“這棟老房子保存得很好。”

          10.LiMingisthebeststudentinhisclass.Hecandohishomeworkwithoutanytr_________.

          (’96新疆)

          填trouble。前半句的介紹對正確選出所填之詞很關鍵。

          二、詞形轉換

          詞形轉換要求寫出所給詞的某一形式,其趨勢也是在句子基礎上考查。如:

          1.Whoruns_______intheclass?(fast)

          (’97北京)

          應填fastest。此處是有一比較的范圍intheclass,應用副詞fast的最高級。

          2.Jack''''sfatheroftenmakeshim________(do)hishomeworkforthreehourseveryday.

          (’97吉林)

          應填do。make作“使、讓”講時,其不定式賓補不帶to。

          3.Therearealotoftall________(build)inthecity.

          (’97吉林)

          填buildings。首先根據句子結構考慮要用名詞,其次要注意用復數。

          4.Theworkerswerewearingthickclothesandglassestokeep________safe.(they)

          (’97遼寧)

          填themselves。用反身代詞表強調。

          5.Hegotupatsixthismorningand_______theearlybus.(catch)

          (’97河北)

          填caught。根據前面的動詞got判斷此處也應用一般過去時。

          6.Look,how_______thebabyis!(health)

          (’97內蒙)

          填healthy。根據感嘆句的結構判斷,此處應填形容詞。

          7.Peoplecan''''t_______withoutwaterorair.(life)

          (’96新疆)

          填live。情態動詞后應用原形動詞。

          8.June1is_______Day.(child)(’96吉林)

          填Children''''s。注意大寫和用所有格。

          9.—Whichisyourfavouritemonth?—IthinkMayisthe________.(good)(’96云南)

          填best。前一句問的是最喜歡的月份,因此要用最高級。

          10.Allthepeoplelikethefilmbecauseit''''svery______.(interest)

          (’96河南)

          填interesting。主語如果指人則應用interested。如:Allthepeopleareinterestedinthefilm.

          三、詞語釋義

          這一題型的題目較多地反映在同義詞語或相同表達上。如:takecareof/lookafter,haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself,gotobed/gotosleep,begoodat/dowellin,byair/byplane,nolonger/not...anylonger,keepdoingsth./goondoingsth.befullof/befilledwith,worryabout/beworriedabout,feellike(doing)/wouldlike(todo),atonce/rightaway等。例如:

          1.Theygoshoppingeveryday.

          A.buythingsB.borrowbooks

          C.workintheshop(’97北京)

          答案A。goshopping還可用gotobuythings/shop(作動詞)/paymoneyforthingsinshops/dotheshopping等來解釋。

          2.Don''''tworry.Yourdaughterwillbeallrightsoon.

          A.illB.happyC.wellD.nice(’97廣東)

          答案C。allright指身體恢復健康。

          3."Thankyouverymuch.""Notatall."

          A.SorryB.Youarewelcome

          C.CertainlyD.Itdoesn''''tmatter

          答案B。對感謝的答語還有:That''''sallright./Don''''tmentionit等。

          4.Bullisbadlyill.Youhavetosendforthedoctoratonce.

          A.lookforthedoctorB.ringthedoctorup

          C.writetothedoctor

          D.askthedoctortocome

          答案選D。sendfor的含義為“派人去叫(請)”。

          Youhaveenoughtime.Don''''thurry,please.

          A.TakeyourtimeB.Bequick

          C.Don''''tbelateD.Doitsoon

          (’97山西)

          答案A。takeone''''stime意為“不急、慢慢干”。

          6.Pleasecallmeifyouarefree.

          A.notbusyB.emptyC.easyD.late

          (’96廣東)

          答案A。許多形容詞/副詞可用“not+其反義詞”來解釋。如:light/notheavy,dear/notcheap等。

          7.MrJackwillgivemeacallsoon.

          A.call;outB.call;on

          C.ring;upD.give;amessage

          (’96廣東)

          答案C。打電話的詞語還有:makeaphonecall/phonesb./callsb.up/givesb.aring等。

          8.Thisroadisinthemiddlepartofthetown.

          A.northB.centreC.southD.place

          (’96天津)

          答案B。類似的如:parents/fatherandmother,photo/picture,problem/question,January/thefirstmonthoftheyear,bedroom/roomforsleeping等。

          9.Weoftenhearfromourfriends.

          A.listentoB.hearof

          C.writetoD.getlettersfrom

          (’96深圳)

          答案選D。再如:havealookat/lookat,gethome/gohome,drinksth./haveadrinkof,goswimming/haveaswim等。

          10.—Canyoumendmybike?

          —Sorry,Idon''''tthinkso.

          A.Ican''''tB.IcanC.youcanD.shecan''''t

          答案選A。sorry的功能相當于否定回答的no。

          四、單詞填空

          單詞填空在句子或語篇基礎上考查在一定語境下拼寫單詞的能力,單詞在具體的上下文中,因此其形式在原形基礎上有一定的變化,考查的方式不同,近年來多采用看圖填詞和(常識性)填空等形式。例如:

          A:在下列句子中填上適當的詞使句子完整正確。

          1.Therearefour______inayear.Theyarespring,summer,autumnandwinter.

          (’97河南)

          2.AfteralongwalkIgotvery________,soIlaydownandhadarest.

          (’97河南)

          3.PeopleinEnglanduseMr,MrsorMisswiththe______name.

          (’97江西)

          4.A:We''''llhavealookatthewoollensweaters.

          B:Nohurry!Pleasetakeyour_______!

          (’97遼寧)

          5.A:Whereismycoat,Mum?

          B:I_______itawayforyouthismorning.

          (’96吉林)

          6.A:MayIuseyourEnglishbook,please?

          B:Sure,butplease_________itbacksoon.

          (’96吉林)

          答案與分析:

          1.seasons。下一句說明是“季節”一詞,注意要用復數。

          2.tired。afteralongwalk...和下文的……hadarest說明不是hungry/thirsty等。

          3.family。在姓氏(surname)前用Mr,Mrs,Miss等,不可填given,full等。

          4.time。takeone''''stime意為:Nohurry/Don''''thurry。

          5.put。put...away意為“收拾起來”。

          6.give。有些同學易誤填return,return不可與back連用,其后可直接跟歸還的東西。如:returnmyEnglishbook。

          少數省市還常采用英漢詞組互譯(’97吉林,’96云南)等形式考查詞匯,許多省市采用的動詞(時態)填空,補全對話、句型轉換、完成句子、綜合填空(短)、選擇填空中也從不同側面充分考查了同學們詞匯掌握和使用情況,可以說詞匯是我們做好各種難度較大的能力性題型的基礎。

          下面是詞匯類試題的類編(均出自96—97全國各省市中考題):

          (一)根據句子中所給單詞首字母或漢語意思,寫出單詞。

          1.HowmanykindsofflowersarethereinMrSmith''''sg_______?

          2.Mum,I''''mh_______.Canyougivemesomethingtoeat?

          3."Wouldyoupleaseopenthedoorforme?"theoldwomanaskedp_______.

          4.Theradiosaysthebadw________willlastforaboutthreedays.

          5.Youmaygototheschooll_______andborrowthebook.

          6.Ithink________(九月)isthebestmonthoftheyear.

          7.Therearetwo_______(千)studentsinourschool.

          8.They________(到達)schoolatsixthismorning.

          9.September10this_________(教師)Day.

          10.It''''s_______(好)togivethantoreceive.

          (二)根據句子意思,用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。

          11.Horsesand______liketoeatgrass.(sheep)

          12.Englishiswidelyusedby_______allovertheworld.(travel)

          13.Australianseasonsare________fromChineseseasons.(difference)

          14.Herearetenofthe_______names.(run)

          15.Summeristhe______seasonoftheyear.(hot)

          16.Thewindisblowing_______.(strong)

          17.Thebottlefelldowntothegroundand________.(break)

          18.Theymustn''''tleavethebabyby________.(she)

          19.It''''s______toplayontheroad.Acarmayhityou.(danger)

          20.A:Whatdoesyourmotherdo?

          B:She''''sa________.(clean)

          (三)選出與句子劃線部分意思相同或相近的單詞或短語。

          21.Thegirlwassoweakthatshedidn''''tcatchupwithothers.

          A.fellbehindB.triedtohold

          C.ranafterD.felloff

          22.Grandmaisill.Let''''stakehertohospitalrightaway.

          A.atfirstB.ontime

          C.rightoutD.atonce

          23.Whatwouldyoulike,theredsweatersorthegreensweaters?

          A.oneB.theseC.onesD.those

          24.Heprefersapplestooranges.

          A.likes;thanotherB.doesn''''tlike;somuch

          C.likes;asmuchasD.likes;betterthan

          25.Ifyoujumpthequeue,otherpeoplewillnotbepleased.

          A.stepinaqueueB.standinaline

          C.takeyourtimeD.don''''ttakeyourturn

          26.HesatnexttomeandhelpedmewithmyEnglish.

          A.behindB.betweenC.besideD.notfar

          27.Mysuitisbroken.Iwanttobuyanewone.

          A.wearsB.woreoutC.wornoutD.wore

          28.HegottoShanghailastweek.

          A.arrivedtoB.arrivedin

          C.wenttoD.reachedin

          29.Maryiswearingareddresstoday.

          A.onB.inC.puttingonD.having

          30.—Shallwegototheisland?

          —Allright.Let''''sgotherethen.

          A.NoB.OKC.WhatD.Sorry

          Key:

          (一)1.garden2.hungry3.politely4.weather5.library6.September7.thousand8.reached9.Teacher''''s10.better

          (二)11.sheep12.travellers13.different14.runners''''15.hottest16.strongly17.broke18.herself19.dangerous20.cleaner

          (三)21.A22.D23.C24.D25.D26.C27.B28.B29.B30.B